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Question 1:

An offer must be communicated to the offeree for it to be valid in contract law. Communication is crucial because without it, there can be no acceptance, and therefore, no binding agreement. The offeror can specify how the offer is to be communicated, such as verbally, in writing, or through an action. If the offeree modifies the original offer, it is not considered an acceptance but a counteroffer. A counteroffer introduces new terms and effectively rejects the original offer. The original offeror then has the option to accept or reject the counteroffer. An offer can typically be revoked before acceptance, but revocation must be effectively communicated to the offeree. If the offeror provides something in exchange for the offeree's consideration, such as time or exclusivity, the offer can become irrevocable for a specified period. In such cases, the offeror is bound to honor the terms for the duration unless the offeree decides to accept or reject the offer. A counteroffer occurs when the offeree proposes terms different from the original, and it renders the initial offer void. This process allows the negotiation to evolve, with the original offer being replaced by the counteroffer unless it is accepted. An irrevocable offer, such as in an option contract, remains open for acceptance during the designated period and cannot be revoked, typically because of mutual consideration or a binding promise by the offeror.
Which of the following is a requirement for an offer to be valid in contract law?

Question 2:

Choose the most appropriate option for the question based on the Court Order given below

International Event (Court Order Related):
In 2023, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) issued an order in a case brought by Ukraine against Russia. Ukraine accused Russia of falsely using claims of genocide to justify its invasion. The ICJ ordered Russia to immediately suspend military operations in Ukraine, stating that it had no legal justification under the Genocide Convention. The ruling emphasized the importance of international law and peaceful resolution of disputes.
What was the basis of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) order against Russia in 2023 in the case filed by Ukraine?

Question 3:

What does the term 'suo moto' means in the legal context?

Question 4:

alleging repeated verbal harassment and inappropriate comments in the workplace.

Course of Action (Legal Context):
1. Internal Complaint Committee (ICC) Involvement:

As per the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, the complaint must be reported to the ICC established in the organization.
2. Filing of Formal Complaint:

The woman should submit a written complaint within 3 months of the incident to the ICC. The committee can allow more time if necessary.
3. Investigation by ICC:

The ICC will begin an internal inquiry, giving both parties a chance to be heard. It must complete the investigation within 90 days.
4. Report and Recommendations:

The ICC submits a report to the employer with recommendations such as disciplinary action, transfer, or financial compensation.
5. Employer's Duty:

The employer must act on the recommendations within 60 days of receiving the report.
Which of the following is the correct legal step when a woman reports sexual harassment at her workplace?

Question 5:

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage

An offer must be communicated to the offeree for it to be valid in contract law. Communication is crucial because without it, there can be no acceptance, and therefore, no binding agreement. The offeror can specify how the offer is to be communicated, such as verbally, in writing, or through an action. If the offeree modifies the original offer, it is not considered an acceptance but a counteroffer. A counteroffer introduces new terms and effectively rejects the original offer. The original offeror then has the option to accept or reject the counteroffer. An offer can typically be revoked before acceptance, but revocation must be effectively communicated to the offeree. If the offeror provides something in exchange for the offeree's consideration, such as time or exclusivity, the offer can become irrevocable for a specified period. In such cases, the offeror is bound to honor the terms for the duration unless the offeree decides to accept or reject the offer. A counteroffer occurs when the offeree proposes terms different from the original, and it renders the initial offer void. This process allows the negotiation to evolve, with the original offer being replaced by the counteroffer unless it is accepted. An irrevocable offer, such as in an option contract, remains open for acceptance during the designated period and cannot be revoked, typically because of mutual consideration or a binding promise by the offeror.
What happens if the offeree changes the terms of the original offer?

Question 6:

Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage

An offer must be communicated to the offeree for it to be valid in contract law. Communication is crucial because without it, there can be no acceptance, and therefore, no binding agreement. The offeror can specify how the offer is to be communicated, such as verbally, in writing, or through an action. If the offeree modifies the original offer, it is not considered an acceptance but a counteroffer. A counteroffer introduces new terms and effectively rejects the original offer. The original offeror then has the option to accept or reject the counteroffer. An offer can typically be revoked before acceptance, but revocation must be effectively communicated to the offeree. If the offeror provides something in exchange for the offeree's consideration, such as time or exclusivity, the offer can become irrevocable for a specified period. In such cases, the offeror is bound to honor the terms for the duration unless the offeree decides to accept or reject the offer. A counteroffer occurs when the offeree proposes terms different from the original, and it renders the initial offer void. This process allows the negotiation to evolve, with the original offer being replaced by the counteroffer unless it is accepted. An irrevocable offer, such as in an option contract, remains open for acceptance during the designated period and cannot be revoked, typically because of mutual consideration or a binding promise by the offeror.

When can an offer be revoked in contract law?

Question 7:

Given below is a statement and two assumptions. These assumptions may or may not be implicit in the statement.

Statement: A vegetable mall was attacked by vegetable vendors in Pune.

Assumptions:
I The mall has affected the livelihood of local vegetable vendors.

II The mall is built in thickly populated areas.

Determine whether one or both assumptions are implicit or not in the given statement and choose the correct option from the options given below:

Question 8:

Situation:
The government passed a new regulation mandating that all factories within city limits must install air purifiers to control industrial pollution. After six months of implementation, air quality in the city significantly improved, and the number of respiratory illness cases in nearby hospitals reduced by 35%.
Which of the following options best explains the cause and effect relationship based on the above situation?

Question 9:

Legal Principle : A violation of a legal Right, with or without damage, gives rise to a tort.

Factual Situation : Mr. Rohan establishes a coaching class for Law Students and charges Rs.5,000/- per year as tuition fees. Mr. Rohan's neighbor Mr. Roshan establishes another coaching class for Law Students thereby creating a competition between them. This forces Mr. Rohan to reduce his tuition fees to Rs.3,000/- per year.
Can Mr. Rohan claim damages from Mr. Roshan for the loss caused to him?

Question 10:

Which term describes a decision made by a judge that sets an example for future similar cases?

Question 11:

As per Section 20 of the Bhartiya Naya Sanhita (BNS), nothing is an offense done by a person who is below the age of which of the following?
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